D.16 Multiprocessor Implementation
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This subclause allows implementations on multiprocessor platforms to be configured.
Static Semantics
2/3The following language-defined library package exists:
package System.Multiprocessors
with Preelaborate, Nonblocking, Global => in out synchronized is
4/3type CPU_Range is range 0 .. implementation-defined;
Not_A_Specific_CPU : constant CPU_Range := 0;
subtype CPU is CPU_Range range 1 .. CPU_Range'Last;
function Number_Of_CPUs return CPU;
end System.Multiprocessors;
A call of Number_Of_CPUs returns the number of processors available to the program. Within a given partition, each call on Number_Of_CPUs will return the same value.
For a task type (including the anonymous type of a single_task_declaration
), protected type (including the anonymous type of a single_protected_declaration
), or subprogram, the following language-defined representation aspect may be specified:
CPU
- The aspect CPU is an
expression
, which shall be of type System.Multiprocessors.CPU_Range.
Legality Rules
9/3If the CPU aspect is specified for a subprogram, the expression
shall be static.
The CPU aspect shall not be specified on a task or protected interface type.
Dynamic Semantics
11/5The expression
specified for the CPU aspect of a task or protected type is evaluated each time an object of the corresponding type is created (see 9.1 and 9.4). The CPU value is then associated with the object.
The CPU aspect has no effect if it is specified for a subprogram other than the main subprogram; the CPU value is not associated with any task.
The CPU value is associated with the environment task if the CPU aspect is specified for the main subprogram. If the CPU aspect is not specified for the main subprogram it is implementation defined on which processor the environment task executes.
For a task, the CPU value determines the processor on which the task will activate and execute; the task is said to be assigned to that processor. If the CPU value is Not_A_Specific_CPU, then the task is not assigned to a processor. A task without a CPU aspect specified will activate and execute on the same processor as its activating task if the activating task is assigned a processor. If the CPU value is not in the range of System.Multiprocessors.CPU_Range or is greater than Number_Of_CPUs the task is defined to have failed, and it becomes a completed task (see 9.2).
For a protected type, the CPU value determines the processor on which calling tasks will execute; the protected object is said to be assigned to that processor. If the CPU value is Not_A_Specific_CPU, then the protected object is not assigned to a processor. A call to a protected object that is assigned to a processor from a task that is not assigned a processor or is assigned a different processor raises Program_Error.
Implementation Advice
16/5Starting a protected action on a protected object statically assigned to a processor should be implemented without busy-waiting.
Extensions to Ada 2005
Extensions to Ada 2012
Wording Changes from Ada 2012
D.16.1 Multiprocessor Dispatching Domains
1/3This subclause allows implementations on multiprocessor platforms to be partitioned into distinct dispatching domains during program startup.
Static Semantics
2/3The following language-defined library package exists:
with Ada.Real_Time;
with Ada.Task_Identification;
package System.Multiprocessors.Dispatching_Domains
with Nonblocking, Global => in out synchronized is
4/3Dispatching_Domain_Error : exception;
5/3type Dispatching_Domain (<>) is limited private;
6/3System_Dispatching_Domain : constant Dispatching_Domain;
7/4function Create (First : CPU; Last : CPU_Range) return Dispatching_Domain;
8/3function Get_First_CPU (Domain : Dispatching_Domain) return CPU;
9/4function Get_Last_CPU (Domain : Dispatching_Domain) return CPU_Range;
9.1/4type CPU_Set is array(CPU range <>) of Boolean;
9.2/4function Create (Set : CPU_Set) return Dispatching_Domain;
9.3/4function Get_CPU_Set (Domain : Dispatching_Domain) return CPU_Set;
10/3function Get_Dispatching_Domain
(T : Ada.Task_Identification.Task_Id :=
Ada.Task_Identification.Current_Task)
return Dispatching_Domain;
11/3procedure Assign_Task
(Domain : in out Dispatching_Domain;
CPU : in CPU_Range := Not_A_Specific_CPU;
T : in Ada.Task_Identification.Task_Id :=
Ada.Task_Identification.Current_Task);
12/3procedure Set_CPU
(CPU : in CPU_Range;
T : in Ada.Task_Identification.Task_Id :=
Ada.Task_Identification.Current_Task);
13/3function Get_CPU
(T : Ada.Task_Identification.Task_Id :=
Ada.Task_Identification.Current_Task)
return CPU_Range;
14/3procedure Delay_Until_And_Set_CPU
(Delay_Until_Time : in Ada.Real_Time.Time; CPU : in CPU_Range);
15/3private
... -- not specified by the language
end System.Multiprocessors.Dispatching_Domains;
16/4A dispatching domain represents a set of processors on which a task may execute. Each processor is contained within exactly one dispatching domain. An object of type Dispatching_Domain identifies a dispatching domain. System_Dispatching_Domain identifies a domain that contains the processor or processors on which the environment task executes. At program start-up all processors are contained within this domain.
For a task type (including the anonymous type of a single_task_declaration
), the following language-defined representation aspect may be specified:
Dispatching_Domain
- The value of aspect Dispatching_Domain is an
expression
, which shall be of type Dispatching_Domains.Dispatching_Domain. This aspect is the domain to which the task (or all objects of the task type) are assigned.
Legality Rules
19/3The Dispatching_Domain aspect shall not be specified for a task interface.
Dynamic Semantics
20/4The expression specified for the Dispatching_Domain aspect of a task type is evaluated each time an object of the task type is created (see 9.1). If the identified dispatching domain is empty, then Dispatching_Domain_Error is raised; otherwise the newly created task is assigned to the domain identified by the value of the expression.
If a task is not explicitly assigned to any domain, it is assigned to that of the activating task. A task always executes on some CPU in its domain.
If both the dispatching domain and CPU are specified for a task, and the CPU value is not contained within the set of processors for the domain (and is not Not_A_Specific_CPU), the activation of the task is defined to have failed, and it becomes a completed task (see 9.2).
The function Create with First and Last parameters creates and returns a dispatching domain containing all the processors in the range First .. Last. The function Create with a Set parameter creates and returns a dispatching domain containing the processors for which Set(I) is True. These processors are removed from System_Dispatching_Domain. A call of Create will raise Dispatching_Domain_Error if any designated processor is not currently in System_Dispatching_Domain, or if the system cannot support a distinct domain over the processors identified, or if a processor has a task assigned to it, or if the allocation would leave System_Dispatching_Domain empty. A call of Create will raise Dispatching_Domain_Error if the calling task is not the environment task, or if Create is called after the call to the main subprogram.
The function Get_First_CPU returns the first CPU in Domain, or CPU'First if Domain is empty; Get_Last_CPU returns the last CPU in Domain, or CPU_Range'First if Domain is empty. The function Get_CPU_Set(D) returns an array whose low bound is Get_First_CPU(D), whose high bound is Get_Last_CPU(D), with True values in the Set corresponding to the CPUs that are in the given Domain.
The function Get_Dispatching_Domain returns the dispatching domain on which the task is assigned.
A call of the procedure Assign_Task assigns task T to the CPU within the dispatching domain Domain. Task T can now execute only on CPU, unless CPU designates Not_A_Specific_CPU in which case it can execute on any processor within Domain. The exception Dispatching_Domain_Error is propagated if Domain is empty, T is already assigned to a dispatching domain other than System_Dispatching_Domain, or if CPU is not one of the processors of Domain (and is not Not_A_Specific_CPU). A call of Assign_Task is a task dispatching point for task T unless T is inside of a protected action, in which case the effect on task T is delayed until its next task dispatching point. If T is the Current_Task the effect is immediate if T is not inside a protected action, otherwise the effect is as soon as practical. Assigning a task already assigned to System_Dispatching_Domain to that domain has no effect.
A call of procedure Set_CPU assigns task T to the CPU. Task T can now execute only on CPU, unless CPU designates Not_A_Specific_CPU, in which case it can execute on any processor within its dispatching domain. The exception Dispatching_Domain_Error is propagated if CPU is not one of the processors of the dispatching domain on which T is assigned (and is not Not_A_Specific_CPU). A call of Set_CPU is a task dispatching point for task T unless T is inside of a protected action, in which case the effect on task T is delayed until its next task dispatching point. If T is the Current_Task the effect is immediate if T is not inside a protected action, otherwise the effect is as soon as practical.
The function Get_CPU returns the processor assigned to task T, or Not_A_Specific_CPU if the task is not assigned to a processor.
A call of Delay_Until_And_Set_CPU delays the calling task for the designated time and then assigns the task to the specified processor when the delay expires. The exception Dispatching_Domain_Error is propagated if P is not one of the processors of the calling task's dispatching domain (and is not Not_A_Specific_CPU).
Implementation Requirements
30/3The implementation shall perform the operations Assign_Task, Set_CPU, Get_CPU and Delay_Until_And_Set_CPU atomically with respect to any of these operations on the same dispatching_domain, processor or task.
Any task that belongs to the system dispatching domain can execute on any CPU within that domain, unless the assignment of the task has been specified.
Implementation Advice
31/3Each dispatching domain should have separate and disjoint ready queues.
Documentation Requirements
32/3The implementation shall document the processor(s) on which the clock interrupt is handled and hence where delay queue and ready queue manipulations occur. For any Interrupt_Id whose handler can execute on more than one processor the implementation shall also document this set of processors.
Implementation Permissions
33/3An implementation may limit the number of dispatching domains that can be created and raise Dispatching_Domain_Error if an attempt is made to exceed this number.
The implementation may defer the effect of a Set_CPU or an Assign_Task operation until the specified task leaves an ongoing parallel construct.